米兰,意大利,通过 LED 及纳米光学技术来控制光线强弱 Milan, Italy, LED and the use of nano-optics to control the flow of light

位于米兰圣·茱莉亚诺的宜家家居新分店在室外安装了先进的照明设备,这些灯具由使用替代能源的供电设备提供电力,因此全套装备都是低能耗的高科技产品

For the external lighting of the new IKEA shop in San Giuliano Milanese, cutting edge equipments provide energy for equipments that consume alternative energy, hence it is a complete low energy consumption high-tech system

文:洛伦佐娜·贝卡马斯奇,劳拉·贝贝

by Lorenza Bergamaschi, Laura Pepe

节能和支持环境的可持续发展一直都是宜家家居在投资时的主要目标之一,打造米兰圣·茱莉亚诺新这家新分店时采用了很多一流的技术:利用地热设备、热电煤气三联产设备,以及太阳能电池板生产出来的能量可以满足这家商场70%的电能需求(夏季时提高至80%)。这些支持生态可持续性发展的设备同时还具有节能和低能耗的优点:同时宜家家居也仔细研究了室外的照明方案,力求做到省电,但同时也可以满足对亮度和舒适度的需要。

1米兰圣·茱莉亚诺的宜家家居新分店(右) 

Picture 1: San Giuliano Milanese, The new IKEA store (right)

灯具的电控装置

经过长时间和一系列对 LED 技术以及在商场外面外安装这种灯具的试验后,设计者最后决定为宜家家居在米兰圣茱莉亚诺的这家新分店选择 Ruud Lighting 照明设备公司的 LED 灯。

圣·朱利亚诺宜家家居的这套照明系统可以节约大约65%的电能(年节约电量可达100,000千瓦)。如此显著的节能效果,不仅仅是因为设备本身绝热性能良好,同时也归功于一套可以进行自我管理的“智能化”的装置。LED 灯的电控装置可以按实际需要调节光线亮度,例如,可以根据自然光的强弱或者按照商场营业开/关时间对照明进行调节。

这种利用纳米光学技术控制光线强弱的灯具和系统比较节能,同时具有超高的灵活性,设备的使用寿命更是高达100,000小时,要感谢最近十年来业内所积累的丰富经验(全世界已经安装了上万个这种设备),这些成果让 Ruud Lighting 照明设备公司为这家瑞典客户选择了 LED 灯具。

照明设备的构造 

由于安装方式多变和需要考虑外部空间的用途,所以宜家家居室外照明灯具在安装问题上比较复杂。照明设计师们开始时先考虑的是把空间分为不同的区域,然后对不同的区域作针对性地选择了适合的方案。这种设计使灯具在满足不同需要时都可以很好地发挥作用,因为灯体本身各部分自成单元,并且灵活多变加以组合,甚至可以提供18种不同的亮度。

2LED 灯具照亮的室外广场

Picture 2: The large outer courtyard illuminated with LED lights

设计的过程 

最初定了两个可行的方案:第一个方案采用高压钠灯;第二个则使用大功率 LED 灯作为光源。

为了减少停车场的灯头数量,设计者选择了一种高度达20米的灯塔,灯塔上安装了4个400W的射灯。如此一来,不仅减少了灯头数量,日常的维护工作量也相应减轻。在其它诸如道路、货物装卸区,以及员工专用的停车场则安装了路灯,就是那种客户们最常用的照明设备。Ruud Lighting 照明设备公司因为在意大利境内安装过无数的此类设备,因为可谓经验非常丰富。

至于为什么还设计了一个使用 LED 光源的方案,这要从客户方宜家家居提出的标准说起,他们很重视光源的特性和灯具所能达到的亮度水平。

从一开始 LED 技术就被认为更有优势,最主要的原因是这种光源在使用期内(100,000小时以上)维护的工作量较小。这就意味着在停车场也可以使用路灯用的灯泡,而不是选择比较贵的灯柱用的大功率探照灯。选择路灯用灯泡除了用电器功率较小,还可以在动工前就把费用大幅度地降下来,当然这是在比较了路灯灯泡和灯塔用的探照灯之间的差价之后得出的结论。此外,由于采用的是大规格的圆形对称灯具,这样既在能耗方面符合相关法律的规定,又获得了均匀满意的照明效果。由于所用灯头数量极少,不仅节约了电能,同时还将照明对环境的影响降至最低。

在其它区域安装的是带 LED 光源的路灯,这些灯具可以按照所处区域的特点调节成合适的亮度。总之,由于 Ruud Lighting 照明设备公司这套透镜系统(也称纳米光学技术)具有良好的性能,因此降低了灯具的安装功率,同时也减少了灯头的总数。

LED 照明技术具有很多优点:能耗低,维护少,寿命长达20年,且不需更换灯泡和配件,同时设备对生态环境的影响也较小,且不使用沉重的金属结构件,甚至在不再使用高压光源的情况下,也可以获得满意的亮度。宜家家居向来都高度重视环境问题,不仅要求自己经营的产品环保,同时在管理和经营商场方面也是如此,所以选择这些高新技术,对他们而言也是对未来的一种投资。

3宜家家居的室外广场

Picture 3: The new IKEA store’s large outer courtyard

Saving energy and environmental sustainability are primary objectives in which IKEA invests a great deal. From this perspective the new store inaugurated in San Giuliano Milanese was made with the best technologies: geothermal heat pump, trigeneration and photovoltaic installations, which will produce 70% (rising to 80% in the summer) of their energy requirements. Eco-sustainability also means saving and reducing the consumption of energy and for this reason IKEA wanted to study solutions for the exterior lighting that significantly reduce electrical energy consumption without having to sacrifice visual comfort and security.

The electrical management of the equipment

After a long and detailed series of tests on LED technology and the opportunity of using it for the external lighting of the stores, it was decided to use Ruud Lighting LED devices for the new store in S. Giuliano Milanese. The systems used guarantee a saving of 65% (an annual reduction of 100000 kilowatt-hours) thanks not only to the lower absorption rate but also to the “intelligent” operation of the devices used. The electrical control of the of the LED equipment allows the regulation of light flows that adapt the illumination levels to actual need based on, for example, variations in the level of natural light or the store opening and closing times. The energy savings, the extreme planning flexibility given by the products, the system of nano-optics to control the flow of light, a lifespan of over 100000 hours and above all, extensive experience in the sector gained in recent years (tens of thousands of installations all over the world) have all enabled Ruud Lighting to confirm its place as partner to the Swedish group for LED lighting.

The installation architecture

Setting up the external lighting of the IKEA shopping centres presents significant complexities given the variety of installations and of the intended use of space. The designers had to first analyse the problems relating to the single areas and then identify appropriate solutions: in this scenario the equipment used responds efficiently to the different project requirements thanks to the modularity and flexibility of the illuminating instruments that show the versatility of nineteen different lighting distributions.

The intervention stages

At first two alternative solutions were developed, the first was to have a high pressure sodium light source, the second a high emission LED light source. The hypothesis with discharge light sources anticipated the installation of 20 m high floodlights in the parking areas with four 400W projectors to reduce the number of light points and consequently the associated maintenance costs. In the other areas such as the street, the loading bay, and the staff car park it was anticipated that lamp posts would be used. This is the type of installation most commonly used by the customer and it is one in which Ruud Lighting demonstrates all of its experience through numerous projects completed throughout Italy.

When contemplating the LED light source solution it was necessary to review the lighting standards required by IKEA in their stores, taking into account the characteristics and capabilities of the source in question. It was clear from the outset that the use of LED technology could be advantageous. In the first place this source requires little maintenance throughout its lifespan (over 100000 hours): this meant being able to provide for the possibility of lamp posts also for the car parks, instead of a more expensive floodlight installation. The use of lamp posts moreover, permitted the use of lower power devices and significantly reduced the initial installation costs, given the gap between the price of floodlights and lamp posts. In addition, through the use of a wide roto-symmetrical optic it was possible to maintain uniform illumination levels above the minimum required by the regulations even with a small number of light points, guaranteeing increased energy savings and a reduced environmental impact.

With regards to the other areas LED lamp posts with different light distributions based on the characteristics and the geometry of the lighting area were used. In short, it is thanks to the increased performance achieved with the Ruud Lighting products’ system of lenses (designated nano-optics) that a simultaneous reduction in the installed power and the number of light points has been made possible. Given the numerous advantages that LED sources can guarantee in this type of installation – reduced consumption, reduced maintenance, a life expectancy of over 20 years with no need to change light bulbs or other components, the use of sources that are eco-compatible and entirely free of heavy metals, light dimming options – IKEA, who have always been environmentally aware both in the manufacture of their products and with regards to running their stores, have decided to confirm and re-launch their future investment in this new technology.

项目信息 Project Information

项目名称 Project Name:

宜家家居(米兰)圣·茱莉亚诺新分店

IKEA store – San Giuliano Milanese

客户 Client:

宜家家居意大利分部

IKEA Italia Retail s.r.l

照明设计:

Ruud Lighting 照明设备公司——建筑师劳拉·贝贝,建筑师,洛伦佐娜·贝卡马斯奇

Ruud Lighting Europe S.r.l a S.U. – arch. Laura Pepe, arch. Lorenza Bergamaschi

(a) 名为“LEDway Road”的新灯具(下图)

(a) The new LEDway Road device

(b) (c) 照明设计:两个设计演示图(下二图)

(b) (c) The lighting design: two studio interpretations

设计说明:

安装的设备技术参数

外部停车场

灯具:型号n. 85 LEDway Road(制造商:Ruud Lighting 灯具设备公司)

安装高度:10米

光学特性:QVM道路用,对称光

亮度:最小10 lux – 最大30 lux

均匀度:0.28 至 0.69

内部停车场

灯具:型号n. 11 LEDway Road(制造商:Ruud Lighting 灯具设备公司)

安装高度:5米

光学特性:PR道路用,不对称光

平均亮度:43 lux

均匀度:0.55

外部装卸货区

灯具:型号n. 6 LEDway Road(制造商:Ruud Lighting 灯具设备公司)

安装高度:10米

光学特性:AC道路用,不对称光

平均亮度:10 lux

均匀度:0.30

道路部分

灯具:型号n. 5 LEDway Road(制造商:Ruud Lighting 灯具设备公司)

安装高度:8米

光学特性:TS道路用,不对称光

平均亮度:24 lux

均匀度:0.47

入口处斜坡照明

灯具:型号n. 5 LEDway Road(制造商:Ruud Lighting 灯具设备公司)

安装高度:8米

光学特性:TS道路用,不对称光

平均亮度:20 lux

均匀度:0.66

Design Interpretation

Project data of the installed equipment

Outside car parks

Equipment: n. 85 LEDway Road (Ruud Lighting)

Installation height: 10 m

Optic: QVM symmetric street light

Light level: 10 lux min – 30 lux medium

General uniformity: from 0.28 to 0.69

Car park entrances

Equipment: n.11 LEDway Road (Ruud Lighting)

Installation height: 5 m

Optic: PR asymmetric street light

Average light level:  43 lux

General uniformity: 0.55

External loading areas

Equipment: n.6 LEDway Road (Ruud Lighting)

Installation height: 10 m

Optic: AC asymmetric street light

Average light level:  10 lux

General uniformity: 0.30

Street

Equipment: n.5 LEDway Road (Ruud Lighting)

Installation height: 8 m

Optic: TS asymmetric street light

Average light level:  24 Lux

General uniformity: 0.47

Access lighting

Equipment: n.5 LEDway Road (Ruud Lighting)

Installation height: 8 m

Optic: TS asymmetric street light

Average light level:  20 Lux

General uniformity: 0.66

图片提供:Ruud Lighting

All Photo courtesy: Ruud Lighting

Luce Design © 2024 All Rights Reserved

京ICP备13034587号